Machining Shop

Introduction 

Lath machine is used to perform the operations on rotating cylindrical workpiece.

Some common lath machine operations include:

Turning: A cutting tool is moved along the surface of the rotating workpiece to remove material and produce a cylindrical shape.

Facing: A cutting tool is moved along the end of the rotating workpiece to produce a flat, smooth surface.

Taper turning: Taper turning operation is used to change the diameter of cylindrical workpiece into shape having two different diameters at two ends.

 

Knurling: A tool is used to create a textured surface on the workpiece for improved grip or aesthetics.

Lath machines can be used to produce a wide range of metal parts, from simple cylindrical shapes to complex, multi-faceted components. The accuracy and precision of the final product depends on several factors, including the skill of the operator, the quality of the machine and tooling, and the material being machined.

Viva questions with answer.

Q1.  What is a lathe machine, and what are its main parts? 

Ans. A lathe machine is a tool that rotates a workpiece around a fixed axis while performing various cutting, drilling, or sanding operations. The main parts of a lathe machine include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, cross slide, compound rest, tool post, and chuck.

Q2.What is the purpose of a lathe machine, and what are its most common applications? 

Ans.The purpose of a lathe machine is to create symmetrical, round parts with tight tolerances. The most common applications of a lathe machine include turning, drilling, boring, threading, and facing operations.

Q3. What is the difference between a center lathe and an engine lathe?

Ans. A center lathe has a stationary headstock and tailstock, while an engine lathe has a geared headstock that can be adjusted for different speeds.

Q4. What are the different types of lathe machines, and what are their applications? 

Ans.The different types of lathe machines include center lathes, engine lathes, turret lathes, and CNC lathes. Center lathes are used for simple turning operations, while engine lathes are used for more complex operations. Turret lathes are used for high-speed operations, and CNC lathes are used for precision machining.

Q5.What is the function of the chuck, and how does it work? 

Ans.The chuck is a device used to hold the workpiece securely in place. It works by clamping the workpiece between its jaws, which can be tightened or loosened using a chuck key.

Q6.What is the function of the tailstock, and how is it used? 

Ans.The tailstock is used to support the end of the workpiece during machining operations. It can be moved along the bed to accommodate different workpiece lengths, and it can be adjusted to apply pressure to the workpiece using a hand crank.

Q7.What is the function of the cross slide, and how is it operated? 

Ans.The cross slide is used to move the cutting tool perpendicular to the workpiece axis. It can be operated by turning a handwheel or using an automatic feed mechanism.

Q8.What is the function of the compound rest, and how is it used? 

Ans.The compound rest is used to adjust the cutting angle of the tool bit. It can be rotated to change the angle of the cut, and it can be moved along the cross slide to adjust the depth of the cut.

Q9.What is the function of the tool post, and how is it adjusted?

Ans. The tool post is used to hold the cutting tool securely in place. It can be adjusted to accommodate different tool sizes and shapes using a locking mechanism or set screws.

Q10.How is the cutting speed of a lathe machine determined, and what factors affect it? 

Ans.The cutting speed of a lathe machine is determined by the rotational speed of the workpiece and the feed rate of the cutting tool. The factors that affect cutting speed include the material being machined, the tool geometry, and the desired surface finish.

Q11.How is the feed rate of a lathe machine determined, and what factors affect it?

Ans.The feed rate of a lathe machine is determined by the distance the cutting tool travels in one revolution of the workpiece. The factors that affect feed rate include the material being machined, the tool geometry, and the desired surface finish.

Q12.What is the difference between roughing and finishing cuts, and how are they performed on a lathe machine? 

Ans. Roughing cuts are used to remove material quickly and efficiently, while finishing cuts are used to achieve a smooth surface finish.